A Broadcom Wi-Fi flaw dating back to 2010 allows attackers within Wi-Fi range to execute code on vulnerable routers without authentication. Researcher Quentin Kaiser presented a talk at Hexacon in Paris documenting a vulnerability in Broadcom’s proprietary 802.11 implementation that has been present in their SDK since at least 2010. The bug allows an attacker to get unauthenticated remote code execution on affected routers without knowing the WiFi password or going through the normal WPS setup process. As of October 15, 2026, none of the affected devices in Belgium had received a patch. “A vulnerability affecting Broadcom’s proprietary implementation of 802.11 has been present in their SDK since at least 2010. An incomplete patch was silently released in 2018, followed by Broadcom’s recommendation to move to hostapd instead, making it a definitive forever day on eCos-based platforms (BCM3380, BCM3383, BCM33834) and a potential forever day on Linux platforms (BCM3390, BCM65xx, BCM68xx) unless affected Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) are willing to migrate.” states Kaiser. “The vulnerability can be triggered remotely over WiFi without knowledge of the network key or completion of a normal WPS enrollment. Exploitation provides controlled information disclosure and arbitrary code execution.” The vulnerability affects the WPS EAP reassembly code, which handles part of the wireless setup process used by many consumer routers. An attacker within Wi-Fi range can exploit the flaw without knowing the Wi-Fi password, completing the setup process, or requiring any action from the user. The attack can expose information and allow the attacker to run code on the router. In his demonstration, Kaiser extracted the Wi-Fi password from the router’s memory and sent it over the wireless connection. He then used the password to connect to the network. These attacks are not just theoretical. Kaiser demonstrated working exploits against two devices: the Orange Belgium ASKEY TCG3000 and the Proximus Sagemcom F@st/BBOX3V+. Both allowed an attacker to run code without authentication. In one demonstration, the attacker opened a reverse shell using only Wi-Fi frames, without needing a command server accessible over the internet. The attack can work from a distance. The close antenna placement shown in the video was only for the laboratory setup and is not a requirement for the attack. In the video below, Kaiser exploited an Orange Belgium router (ASKEY TCG3000). The attack allowed him to run code on the device without authentication. The code retrieves the Wi-Fi password (PSK) from the router’s NVRAM and sends it back to the attacker over Wi-Fi. He then used the stolen password to connect to the network, confirming that the exploit works and that the password is correct. Do not be misled by how close the antenna is in the video. The attack can work over much longer distances. In the next video, the researcher exploited a Proximus router (BBOX3V+, also known as Sagemcom F@st). This attack also allows code execution without authentication. He used it to open a reverse shell over Wi-Fi frames, without needing a command-and-control (C2) server hosted in the cloud. Broadcom quietly released an incomplete fix in 2018, then told customers to migrate to a different software stack entirely rather than shipping a complete patch for their own code. On eCos-based platforms, covering chipsets like BCM3380, BCM3383, and BCM33834, that makes this a permanent unfixable bug by design. On Linux-based platforms (BCM3390, BCM65xx, BCM68xx) the situation depends entirely on whether individual manufacturers decide to act. Kaiser reported the bugs to Broadcom in July 2026. Broadcom said a patch was available and told him to ask the affected device manufacturers to contact Broadcom directly. The company refused to assign a CVE or share the notification it had sent through its customer portal. CERT/CC opened a case but closed it the same day after confirming that Broadcom could assign CVEs itself and had no intention of doing so. This was not a proper disclosure process. It was a dead end, with a paper trail. Kaiser’s rough calculation, done with Belgian telecom market data, puts the affected device count at around 850,000 for Proximus, 500,000 for VOO’s legacy fleet, and 210,000 for Orange Belgium, totalling somewhere north of 1.5 million potentially exposed gateways in one small country. Telenet may also be affected through Sagemcom devices but Kaiser couldn’t confirm because he couldn’t get hold of one. The affected manufacturers sell into markets well beyond Belgium. The chipsets in question appear in devices across dozens of vendors and hundreds of products worldwide. Kaiser is publishing a fingerprinting script and a YARA rule specifically to help map the full scope of affected deployments, because right now nobody has a complete picture. A vulnerability introduced in 2010 and only partly fixed in 2018 still affects routers in use today. Kaiser says AI-assisted analysis helped him find the bugs in less than a week, instead of months. This can help defenders find vulnerabilities faster, but attackers can do the same. The risk is greatest in targeted attacks where an attacker is within Wi-Fi range, such as hotel network attacks or surveillance of nearby targets. Compromised routers are difficult to monitor, and attackers can quietly intercept or collect network traffic. Most users and security teams rarely check the firmware on ISP-provided routers. “Although I could have done this research by myself, it would have taken me months to get there. With AI frontier models it took me less than a week.” Kaiser concludes. “Which is a good thing because we can start looking into deeper and deeper layers of our technical infrastructure for a fraction of the cost.” Follow me on Twitter: @securityaffairs and Facebook and Mastodon Pierluigi Paganini (SecurityAffairs – hacking, Broadcom Wi-Fi)
The FBI raided 40 Texas homes over a North Korean scheme that used fake IT workers to target 70 US companies and generate $3 million. The Justice Department (DoJ) announced coordinated enforcement actions this week targeting North Korea’s long-running scheme to place fake IT workers inside American companies. Two US nationals were arrested, 14 people charged across two separate indictments, and the FBI searched more than 40 residences in Texas, seizing approximately 187 laptops and KVM switch devices. The Texas operation, called Operation Lonestar Roundup, ran between September 21 and 25. The seized devices are the same laptops American companies shipped to their newly hired remote employees, not knowing those IT workers were North Korean intelligence agents using stolen US identities. “Today the Department of Justice announced coordinated actions against the Democratic People’s Republic of North Korea (DPRK) government’s schemes to fund its regime through remote information technology (IT) work for U.S. companies.” states DoJ. “These actions include an indictment, two arrests, searches of multiple known or suspected “laptop farms” in Texas pursuant to “Operation Lonestar Roundup,” and the seizure of approximately 187 computer devices used by DPRK IT workers.” The scheme was simple. North Korean IT workers applied for remote jobs using stolen or fake identities. They used VPNs and proxy servers to make it look like they were working from the United States. American helpers received the laptops provided by employers and installed remote access software so the North Korean workers could use them. These helpers were paid for their role, while the money earned from the jobs was sent back to North Korea through accounts controlled by the regime. According to an indictment from the Northern District of Ohio, the scheme ran from 2019 to mid-2025 and targeted more than 70 US companies across 17 states. The companies operated in sectors including healthcare, communications, cybersecurity support, retail, and manufacturing. “In total, the scheme impacted more than 70 U.S. company employers and generated approximately $3 million in revenue for IT workers.” SoJ states.”The revenue is believed to have been sent to sanctioned entities controlled by the DPRK. Victim employers included companies in the health care, communications, cyber support, retail, and manufacturing sectors across Ohio, sixteen additional states, and the District of Columbia.” The North Korean IT workers earned about $3 million, which prosecutors believe was sent to North Korean entities subject to international sanctions. The authorities warn the scheme is evolving in response to better detection. “Increasingly, North Korean IT workers are turning to recruiting American facilitators to counter improved private sector detections and law enforcement actions.” states DoJ. “These workers are hiring facilitators to complete a wider variety of tasks, and in some cases subcontracting entire jobs to third-party foreign nationals. “ That’s not just using Americans as props. It’s actively outsourcing parts of the operation to people inside the US, which makes attribution harder and interception more complicated. Some IT workers are now subcontracting entire jobs to third-party foreign nationals. Others are hiring facilitators to handle a wider range of tasks beyond just managing the laptops. CrowdStrike, which helped the FBI investigate, tracks the group behind this operation as Famous Chollima and describes the laptop farm infrastructure as vital to overcoming the physical and legal barriers of operating from outside the US. “These laptop farms enabled FAMOUS CHOLLIMA operatives to pose as legitimate remote workers and siphon illicit wages back to their regime while maintaining persistent access to victim organizations. Working alongside the FBI, CrowdStrike’s threat intelligence into the adversary and their operations, and technical analysis helped make these disruptions possible.” states CrowdStrike. “This operation marks the beginning of a broader U.S. law enforcement effort to dismantle FAMOUS CHOLLIMA’s U.S. infrastructure. CrowdStrike’s Counter Adversary Operations team intends to remain an integral part of that effort.” The FBI’s separate public service announcement puts the operation in broader context: “thousands of North Korean state-controlled IT workers” are currently embedded at Western companies, posing what the agency calls a significant national security and intellectual property theft insider threat. North Korean IT workers have individually earned up to $300,000 per year under these schemes, and the collective revenue is measured in hundreds of millions annually, flowing directly to designated entities including the North Korean Ministry of Defense. This is the fifth round of enforcement actions announced since June 2025 under the DOJ’s DPRK RevGen Domestic Enabler Initiative (June 2025, November 2025, April 2026, and May 2026). The initiative targets people in the United States who help North Korean IT workers carry out these schemes. According to CrowdStrike, North Korean hackers were responsible for about half of all documented hands-on cyber intrusions over the past year. The regime is also targeting cryptocurrency exchanges and open-source software projects. In 2025 alone, North Korean attackers stole at least $2 billion in cryptocurrency. The DOJ released a list of email addresses used in these operations, including accounts like randyryang@gmail.com and dev.jerryyang@gmail.com, which companies can add to their screening indicators. The FBI’s public service announcement includes detailed mitigation guidance on spotting DPRK IT worker applications. The red flags are consistent: inconsistencies in work history, reluctance to appear on video, requests to redirect laptop deliveries, and payment accounts that route through intermediaries. “Threats posed by nation-states like North Korea are a stark reminder that our adversaries will go to great measures to exploit our nation’s economic strength to further and fuel their own nefarious agendas,” said U.S. Attorney David M. Toepfer for the Northern District of Ohio. “We are thankful to FBI Cleveland for their incredible work and persistence to put a stop to these bad actors. These charges serve as an urgent alert to all U.S. companies to remain vigilant in their hiring practices.” Follow me on Twitter: @securityaffairs and Facebook and Mastodon Pierluigi Paganini (SecurityAffairs – hacking, IT workers)
ConnectWise has shut down customer access to its Cloud Backup service (formerly SkyKick Cloud Backup) after hackers accessed application identities and compromised Microsoft 365 tenants. Reports of the malicious activity began emerging on Friday, with administrators observing unauthorized access to client data in Microsoft 365 tenants due to a potential “SkyKick/CW breach.” Later on the same day, managed cybersecurity and threat detection platform Huntress confirmed the worries, saying that it had identified at least 162 compromised tenants in its environment. In a post today, Microsoft also confirmed malicious activity involving ConnectWise’s Cloud Backup service, saying it identified unauthorized authentication attempts from an IP address on October 15. ConnectWise’s cloud backup solutions provide backup and recovery services that help managed service providers (MSPs) and IT teams protect and restore customer data, such as emails and files, in cloud environments including Microsoft 365 and Google Workspace.
U.S. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) adds Fortinet Multiple Products and BeyondTrust Remote Support flaws to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. The U.S. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) added the following vulnerabilities to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalog: CVE-2025-61624 Fortinet Multiple Products Path Traversal Vulnerability CVE-2026-102764 BeyondTrust Remote Support Authentication Bypass by Spoofing Vulnerability This week, Palo Alto Netwoks researchers reported that PEERSTITCH malware exploited FortiManager to expose 500+ firewalls, evade detection inside FortiOS memory, and maintain stealthy access. The attackers exploited CVE-2025-61624, a path traversal flaw in the FortiOS auto-script engine, to deploy a new implant called PEERSTITCH. The flaw CVE-2026-102764 is an input validation vulnerability in internal components of BeyondTrust Remote Support. BeyondTrust Remote Support is a remote technical support tool that allows IT help desks and support teams to securely access and troubleshoot users’ computers and other devices over a network. From a cybersecurity perspective, the software is important because it can provide privileged access to systems and allow technicians to perform sensitive operations. The components do not properly validate the origin of incoming messages, potentially allowing an attacker to perform file operations on the appliance under certain conditions. “CISA is aware of critical authentication bypass vulnerability CVE-2026-102764 , affecting BeyondTrust Remote Support (formerly Bomgar) versions 26.2.3 and earlier. Patches are available for supported versions (24.3.1 and later); organizations using older versions must upgrade first.” CISA warns. “Cyber threat actors are actively exploiting the vulnerability to gain initial access, then establishing persistence, escalating privileges, and moving laterally. “ According to Binding Operational Directive (BOD) 22-01: Reducing the Significant Risk of Known Exploited Vulnerabilities, FCEB agencies have to address the identified vulnerabilities by the due date to protect their networks against attacks exploiting the flaws in the catalog. Experts also recommend that private organizations review the Catalog and address the vulnerabilities in their infrastructure. CISA orders federal agencies to fix the flaws by October 19, 2026. Follow me on Twitter: @securityaffairs and Facebook and Mastodon Pierluigi Paganini (SecurityAffairs – hacking, CISA)
Cybersecurity researchers are sounding the alarm related to an active campaign in which unknown threat actors are abusing a compromised Microsoft 365 (M365) credential belonging to ConnectWise Cloud Backup (formerly SkyKick) to gain unauthorized access to customers' M365 environments. ConnectWise Cloud Backup is a cloud-based backup and recovery service built for managed service providers (MSPs
Burger King Japan disclosed a breach exposing 11.18 million app users’ personal data after attackers accessed its membership system in early October. Burger King Japan has disclosed a data breach that exposed the personal information of approximately 11.18 million official app members. Burger King Japan, the company operating the fast-food chain in the country, said attackers accessed the system managing customer membership information between October 2 and October 7, 2026. The company disclosed the incident on October 15, after discovering the data leak two days earlier. In its official notice published on October 15, the company confirmed the unauthorized access and apologized to affected customers. The announcement doesn’t identify the attackers or explain how they gained access. BK Japan says it’s working with external security specialists to determine the cause. “We have confirmed that customer membership information from the official app has been leaked externally following unauthorized access by a third party.” reads the data breach notification. The compromised data includes membership IDs, email addresses, names in Japanese characters and kana, phone numbers, dates of birth, gender, prefecture of residence, and membership registration type. The exposed information also indicates whether a customer has a mobile ordering history and whether their email address has been verified. These details can be useful to criminals even without payment data or passwords. Attackers can use them to craft convincing phishing emails, text messages, or phone calls that refer to a customer’s real identity and relationship with Burger King. A message that includes a person’s name, phone number, and other accurate details may look far more credible than a generic scam. Burger King Japan confirmed it does not store credit card numbers and found no evidence that passwords were exposed, with no confirmed cases of fraud so far. However, these factors do not completely rule out the risk of future misuse. According to the company, unauthorized access took place from October 2 through October 7, and the leak was confirmed on October 13. BK Japan says it blocked access from the source of the unauthorized communications as soon as it became aware of the incident. The company has also introduced temporary countermeasures, established an incident response team, and reported the breach to Japan’s Personal Information Protection Commission. It says permanent security improvements, further investigation with external specialists, and email notifications to affected customers are ongoing. “At present, we have confirmed that the unauthorized access was carried out by a third party.” continues the notification. The company has not yet disclosed the precise circumstances that made the intrusion possible, and the investigation is continuing. Until more details emerge, it’s too early to draw conclusions about the initial access vector or attribute the attack to a particular threat actor. Large-scale data breaches create long-lasting risks for follow-on attacks, as criminals can use stolen details for phishing, impersonation, and highly convincing scams. BK Japan urges customers to stay vigilant against fraudulent emails, texts, and calls, warning them never to click unverified links or share sensitive credentials. The core danger is that attackers no longer need network access to cause harm; they can leverage existing stolen data to target customers directly through social engineering. “Please do not access URLs, open attachments, or enter membership information or passwords if you receive a suspicious communication.” concludes the report. Follow me on Twitter: @securityaffairs and Facebook and Mastodon Pierluigi Paganini (SecurityAffairs – hacking, Burger King Japan)
PEERSTITCH malware exploited FortiManager to expose 500+ firewalls, evade detection inside FortiOS memory, and maintain stealthy access. PEERSTITCH, a stealthy implant deployed during a prolonged intrusion, helped attackers maintain access to a telecom managed service provider after compromising its FortiManager appliance. Palo Alto Networks Unit 42 documented the operation, which began in September 2024 and exposed credentials and configurations for more than 500 downstream firewalls. “Unit 42 investigated a multi-stage network intrusion against a telecommunications organization that occurred in September 2024, which we are tracking as cluster CL-STA-0954 (aka UNC5820). The attackers behind CL-STA-0954 achieved an initial compromise by exploiting CVE-2024-47575 against a centralized FortiManager appliance.” reads the report published by Palo Alto Networks. “From that single appliance, our observations are that the attackers exfiltrated an archive containing running configurations, cryptographic material and database files containing information about more than 500 managed FortiGate firewalls. Those firewalls protected the target’s own infrastructure and the networks of its clients.” The initial access relied on CVE-2024-47575, known as FortiJump, which allowed an unauthenticated attacker to register a rogue virtual device with the central management platform over TCP port 541. Within minutes, the attackers extracted a configuration archive containing serial numbers, public IP addresses, routing tables, VPN credentials, and cryptographic trust material for every managed firewall. One compromised management system had effectively handed them the keys to hundreds of networks. The targeted 500 devices didn’t all belong to the same organization. They protected the managed service provider’s infrastructure and its clients’ networks. The attackers got running configurations and private keys for firewalls belonging to organizations that had no idea any of this was happening. Unit 42 was clear about the scope: the investigation covered only the provider’s own environment, not the downstream clients. Armed with decrypted credentials from the stolen configuration files, which stored passwords as reversible ciphertext, the attackers then established unauthorized SSL/VPN sessions into internal network management segments from external staging addresses. That’s the moment reconnaissance turned into active access. In the second stage, attackers exploited CVE-2025-61624, a path traversal flaw in the FortiOS auto-script engine, to deploy a new implant called PEERSTITCH. The implant is a 64-bit ARM64 binary written in C, but what it does is unusual. Unit 42’s researchers put it plainly: “PEERSTITCH leaves no persistent binary on disk, opens no listening ports and initiates no outbound network connections. Instead, it communicates through traffic generated by legitimate processes on the infected host, which makes the malware resistant to conventional endpoint and network detection.” the report continues. “The attackers also impersonated the FortiManager platform to pull from managed firewalls of other hosts in the targeted network.” Instead, it injects itself into two legitimate FortiOS daemons, the logging process and the VPN service, and creates a covert communication bridge between them using memory that’s already allocated to those running processes. When traffic passing through the logging daemon matches two specific markers, a port number embedded in data and a link-local IP address, it extracts a session token and writes it directly into the VPN daemon’s memory using Linux’s /proc filesystem. When the VPN daemon processes a subsequent session carrying that same tag, it takes an alternate execution path, bypassing FortiOS security checks entirely. PEERSTITCH is hard to detect because it leaves no persistent file on disk, opens no listening ports, and initiates no outbound network connections. The only way to detect it is by inspecting live process memory for anomalous read-write-execute (RWX) regions in the two targeted daemons or identifying NOP patches at specific offsets in their code. Fortinet’s Integrity Checker Tool cannot detect the implant because it scans files on disk, which remain untouched. The attackers also established a secondary command channel by abusing Apache’s built-in certificate management module on the firewalls. They embedded shell commands in the domain name field of certificate validation requests and configured Apache to retry them continuously, creating a persistent outbound reverse shell through a legitimate system process. Before running their malicious auto-scripts, the attackers killed the logging and syslog daemons to suppress any trace of what was about to happen. Crash logs were wiped. Rogue administrator accounts and script objects were automatically deleted shortly after execution. The malicious ACME configuration file was overwritten with innocent-looking text. The PEERSTITCH injector unlinked its own binary from disk after completing execution. “The cryptographic trust material governing the platform’s relationship with every managed device leaves with the attacker and remains valid until it is rotated. Defenders must treat edge management interfaces with the highest level of zero trust isolation.” Palo Alto Networks states. “They must also treat the credentials and certificates those interfaces hold as compromised the moment the platform is.” Patching FortiManager doesn’t reverse the data theft. The stolen cryptographic keys remain valid until the trust material on every managed device is individually rotated. A firmware update alone won’t invalidate them. The broader lesson goes beyond Fortinet: management platforms are high-value targets because compromising one can expose an entire network. As Unit 42 noted, “the management platform is the highest-value target on the network.” When that platform belongs to a managed service provider, a single breach can affect hundreds of downstream customers, turning a local compromise into a supply-chain security incident. “For organizations that manage infrastructure on behalf of others, the management platform is the highest-value target on the network. Compromising the management platform is not contained by the boundary of the organization that owns it.” the report concludes. “That compromise also does not end when the platform is patched.” Follow me on Twitter: @securityaffairs and Facebook and Mastodon Pierluigi Paganini (SecurityAffairs – hacking, PEERSTITCH malware)
OpenAI has disclosed seven new incidents in which its artificial intelligence (AI) models exhibited misaligned behavior, including one case where its research model, after not having funds on an Ethereum test network, spent test cryptocurrency from a third-party's wallet without authorization to complete a coding task. The incident, the AI company said, involved an internal research model part
In the space of a month, a new category of AI model went from nonexistent to everywhere. TypeSafe AI released Jev on September 15 and called it a System One model, a nod to Kahneman's fast, intuitive thinking. OpenAI announced its own Decisions API at DevDay and opened a public beta on October 6. Cribl published cribl-decision, an open LoRA adapter you can run locally. Others, like Laya, are
A suspected advanced threat actor has been observed exploiting a security flaw in Fortinet FortiOS to deliver a previously unreported memory-resident ARM64 malware known as PEERSTITCH. The attack involves the exploitation of CVE-2025-61624 (CVSS score: 5.4), a path traversal flaw in the command line interpreter of FortiOS, FortiPAM, FortiProxy, and FortiSwitchManager that could allow a
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